The Difference Between SSI and SSDI

SSI and SSDI are two different federal programs. Both may pay monthly benefits to an adult with a qualifying disability, but their financial and work-history rules are not the same.

What is SSDI?

SSDI stands for Social Security Disability Insurance. It is based on your work history. While working, you pay Social Security taxes and may earn work credits. You generally need enough recent work credits to qualify.

SSDI is an insurance program. It is not based on having limited household income or resources. The payment amount is largely based on your earnings record, and Medicare may begin after the required waiting period.

What is SSI?

SSI stands for Supplemental Security Income. It is a needs-based program for people with limited income and resources. You do not need a work history to qualify.

Social Security may review earnings, other income, bank accounts, certain property, living arrangements, and a spouse's income and resources when applicable. Not everything you own or receive is counted.

The main differences

SSDI is based on work history and work credits. It is not based on limited resources. It may provide Medicare after the waiting period.

SSI does not require work credits. It is based on limited income and resources. It may come with Medicaid eligibility, depending on the state.

Some people qualify for both programs at the same time. This is sometimes called concurrent benefits.

What does disability mean for an adult?

SSI and SSDI use the same basic medical definition of disability for adults. Social Security must generally find that you have a medically determinable condition that prevents substantial work, keeps you from doing past work or adjusting to other work, and has lasted—or is expected to last—for at least 12 months or result in death.

Social Security does not pay benefits for a short-term or partial disability.

Does a diagnosis automatically qualify you?

No. Social Security looks at how your condition affects your ability to work regularly. It may consider your ability to sit, stand, walk, lift, use your hands, remember instructions, focus, complete tasks, handle stress, work with others, and maintain attendance.

What evidence is important?

Helpful evidence may include examination findings, test results, X-rays or MRIs, psychological testing, hospital records, treatment notes, medicine lists, therapy records, side effects, and statements about work-related limits.

Will Social Security review past work?

Yes. Do more than list job titles. Explain the hours worked; time spent sitting, standing, or walking; weight lifted; tools used; mental demands; contact with other people; and any changes made because of your condition.

Which program may be right for you?

Not sure whether SSI, SSDI, or both may fit your situation? Start with the Disability Command Center Eligibility Screener. Answer a few simple questions about your work history, income, and disability. The screener will help you understand which program may fit your situation. When you purchase the app, it will also guide you step by step through the disability application process.

Start with the Disability Command Center Eligibility Screener.

This article provides general educational information. It is not legal advice, does not guarantee approval, and is not affiliated with or endorsed by the Social Security Administration. For official information, visit SSA.gov.